'extinguishing') as a means of transcending the individual self and ending the cycle of death and rebirth ( saṃsāra), while the Mahayana tradition emphasizes the Bodhisattva ideal, in which one works for the liberation of all sentient beings. The Theravada tradition emphasizes the attainment of nirvāṇa ( lit. 'School of the Elders') and Mahāyāna ( lit. Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravāda ( lit. īuddhist schools vary in their interpretation of the paths to liberation ( mārga) as well as the relative importance and "canonicity" assigned to various Buddhist texts, and their specific teachings and practices. Other widely observed elements include: the doctrines of dependent origination, the three marks of existence, and karma monasticism the Three Jewels and the cultivation of perfections ( pāramitā). He endorsed the Middle Way, an approach which incorporates meditation techniques alongside ethical precepts rooted in non-harming while avoiding the extremes of asceticism or hedonism. Buddhism originated in the eastern Gangetic plain as a śramaṇa–movement in the 5th century BCE, and gradually spread throughout much of Asia via the Silk Road.Īccording to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha taught that attachment or clinging causes dukkha (often translated as "suffering" or "unease" ), but that there is a path of development which leads to awakening and full liberation from dukkha. It is the world's fourth-largest religion, with over 520 million followers, known as Buddhists, who comprise seven percent of the global population. Buddhism ( / ˈ b ʊ d ɪ z əm/ BUUD-ih-zəm, US also / ˈ b uː d-/ BOOD-), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha.
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